The Bishop and the Butterfly: Murder, Politics, and the End of the Jazz Age

    $7,400,000,000,000

    Bloomberg is not happy.  They've added up the numbers, really big numbers, and want to know what the US is getting in return.  The Treasury and the Fed have not been forthcoming, Bernanke thinks it would be 'counterproductive' so Bloomberg has filed a Freedom of Information suit against the Fed to find out who is borrowing and what collateral they are offering. 

    Nov. 24 (Bloomberg) -- The U.S. government is prepared to lend more than $7.4 trillion on behalf of American taxpayers, or half the value of everything produced in the nation last year, to rescue the financial system since the credit markets seized up 15 months ago.

    [...]

    Bloomberg has requested details of Fed lending under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act and filed a federal lawsuit against the central bank Nov. 7 seeking to force disclosure of borrower banks and their collateral.

    Collateral is an asset pledged to a lender in the event a loan payment isn't made.

    "Some have asked us to reveal the names of the banks that are borrowing, how much they are borrowing, what collateral they are posting," Bernanke said Nov. 18 to the House Financial Services Committee. "We think that's counterproductive."

    The Fed should account for the collateral it takes in exchange for loans to banks, said Paul Kasriel, chief economist at Chicago-based Northern Trust Co. and a former research economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.

    "There is a lack of transparency here and, given that the Fed is taking on a huge amount of credit risk now, it would seem to me as a taxpayer there should be more transparency," Kasriel said.

    Interesting times when even the business press cannot figure out what is going on in the financial industry.  The situation is not going to improve until confidence is restored and that is not going to happen while there is so much uncertainty.  HIding unpleasant facts only increases it.  Instead of the feared run on a few banks and brokers we now worry about all of them.  Heck of a job, Hank.

    ______________________________Update 1_____________________________

    Anyone preparing an amicus curiae for Bloomberg in its suit against the Fed should read Willem Buiter's comments.  A small sample, the entire post is excellent:

    While there can be a finite (but short) delay in divulging the identity of the borrower, all other information - the amounts borrowed (collectively and by individual anonymous borrowers) should be in the public domain immediately.  Even in the most paranoid of worlds, there is no reasonable argument, other than an unwillingness to be held accountable for possible mistakes, for not releasing, instantaneously, the terms on which the borrowing occurred and the nature and valuation of each specific item of collateral offered .

    Mark Thoma's begins (I hope) a conversaton on The Need for Reliable Information.

    There has been much debate about whether the financial crisis is driven by lack of liquidity or from fears about lack of adequate capital and solvency, but I'm starting to think a third component is important as well, the complete breakdown of traditional information flows, and a loss of confidence in the models used to evaluate that information. Markets need information to work properly, and the information financial markets need is not available.

    ____________________________Update 2_____________________________

    In Stigma, Schmigma, Willem Buiter offers more criticism of central bank secrecy.  Warning, it is a long post about an arcane but very important and influential financial arena.  Last two paragraphs:

    Many central banks are also far too close to the banks they deal with - they have been the objects of cognitive regulatory capture or other forms of regulatory capture.  As a result they tend to act as advocates or lobbyists for the banking sector rather than as supervisors, regulators and sources of scarce public funds that have to be properly accounted for.

    In addition, revealing the identities of the borrowing banks is likely to be seen by the central banks as part of a political drive towards greater accountability by the central banks for their use of public resources - as asset managers or indeed as portfolio managers.  Central banks rightly fear that the pursuit of their traditional objectives - price stability (or price stability and full employment) and financial stability - could be impaired by too close a scrutiny of their performance as managers of ever larger and ever more risky portfolios of public and private securities.  Well, welcome to the 21st century world of central banking.  This is all there is.  You break it, you own it, even if you broke it in a worthy cause.

    Comments

    Good catch.


    Thank you, Emma. It's good to see your voice back here!


    I think we've moved beyond the vicious circle to the vicious double helix. If we DON'T see this stuff, we have uncertainty. If we DO see it, we have....

    The horror.


    A friend of mine sent me this information

    Calculating the National Debt can be done on several different levels…you will get a number from $11Trillion to upwards of $70Trillion.

    IF we used basic accounting principles, it would be $50Trillion+ (do you include your mortgage as a liability on your balance sheet? We have taken in trillions of dollars in social security payments and spent them…the social security fund is BROKE. We use the $300B from social security to supplement our everyday budget. Another example is the war, we don’t include payments to disabled veterans, care for them, replacing weapons, etc. when we calculate the cost. Joseph Stiglitz (nobel prize winning economists, calculated the cost of the Iraq war at $3T)

    Back to basics (simple calculation)….let’s use $11T ($12T with bailouts/stimulus) as our base. You MUST add Fannie/Freddie debt ($5.2T) to it….Government backed debt (see below).

    Although not included in the figures reported by the government, the U.S. government has moved to more explicitly support the soundness of obligations of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, starting in July via the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, and the September 7, 2008 Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) conservatorship of both government sponsored enterprises (GSEs). The on- or off-balance sheet obligations of those two independent GSEs is just over $5 trillion.[28] The government accounts for these corporations as if they are unconnected to its balance sheet. The U.S. Treasury contracted at the inception of the conservatorship to receive US$ 1 billion dollars in senior preferred shares, and a warrant for 79.9% of the common shares from each GSE, as a fee to fund, as needed, up to US$ 100 billion total for each GSE (in exchange for more senior preferred stock), in order to maintain solvency and adequate capital ratios at the GSEs, thereby supporting all senior (normal) liabilities, subordinated indebtedness, and guarantees of the two firms. Some observers see this as an effective nationalization of the companies that ultimately places taxpayers at risk for all their liabilities[29] The net exposure to taxpayers is difficult to determine at the time of the takeover and depends on several factors, such as declines in housing prices and losses on mortgage assets in the future.[30] Over 98 percent of Fannie's loans were paying timely during 2008.[31] Both Fannie and Freddie had positive net worth as of the date of the takeover, meaning the value of their assets exceeded their liabilities.[32][33] The Congressional Budget Office has recommended incorporating the assets and liabilities of the two companies into the federal budget due to the degree of government control over the entities.[34] The 5-year credit default swap spread for U.S. treasuries had risen to 18 basis points per annum as of 9 September 2008 as a result of market perception regarding the increased debt load of the government.[34]



    Thanks. It bothered me that I couldn't figure out what's going on. It bothers me more that Bloomberg can't.


    Thanks. You are very kind.


    Thanks for the info. Everything is even worse since your friend sent it to you. For example, from Reuters today:

    "Five-year Treasury CDS grew to 43.5 basis points versus 43.0 basis points late Friday, it said."


    Nothing beats original source documents.:)


    I like the notion simply ending intervention in Iraq will more than adequately fund whatever expenditures are needed to fix the economy, I think its silly though.


    When they first filed this I thought there was a good chance they might win, at least until appealed.

    But now I am not so sure. I have a feeling that somebody may be out of compliance here and its probably FRBNY.


    :)


    On a rather off-topic note, seeing that number this morning, I actually had to look up what comes after trillion. It's quadrillion. Logical, of course, but my mind instantly went to zillion, or even better, the infamous bazillion, which are apparently fictitious numbers. Now that's disappointing. ;)


    Thanks for posting. My understanding of the current economic debacle is that the crisis arose in large part due to a lack of transparency on the credit default swaps being marketed on Wall Street. How do you evaluate the risk in a financial product without knowing what its components are? So this appears to be more of the same. Truly voodoo economics. In truth I have more confidence in Ayizan, Goddess of the marketplace, than in these guys. Can someone explain to me how having the financial transactions of the the Fed performed in a windowless room on a cloudy, moonlit night improves anyones confidence that these actions are to be endorsed by anyone other than the recipients? If Paulson and Bernanke don't know what's happening, as I suspect is the case, I wish they would admit it and begin making offerings to Ayizan.


    Emma -

    Good post. After the Bush admin and the horrendous waste in Iraq, etc. it is very hard to believe there are sometimes good reasons why full transparency is not best. Yet the Obama team is not calling for widespread public disclosure either, and I think this is a telling point. Why?

    If you knew that your bank was bailed out, would you pull your money out? Perhaps not, because it is insured by the government up to $250,000. But if you are a small bank president with a few million of your depositors' cash in Wells Fargo rather than in your tiny vault, it is not insured! Would you pull it out if you were worried about Wells? Yes! If too many small banks or companies do this, it could collapse a large bank. Don't believe me? Well, that's what happened to WAMU and Wachovia - over a weekend! This is why the Fed is hesitant to publicize which banks are getting interbank support.

    Market wide, the cost of borrowing shot up sharply and fast. So quickly, that even "good" companies had their short-term borrowing cost go way up. Most companies have to pay their people and suppliers first, and then they get paid by their customers. Many make up the time gap by borrowing using commercial paper. And the cost just went way up. If you were a supplier and knew a company was borrowing from the Fed rather than the market, would you start demanding they pay up front in cash? That makes the problem worse for this company. What should they do? Cut operations and lay people off?

    The Fed is buying commercial paper and supporting interbank lending. They're not saying who. Not because of individuals like us, but because of the suppliers and small banks that work with companies either borrowing from the Fed or borrowing commercial paper. We don't want another WAMU collapse. We don't want companies to lay people off just because of a borrowing spike.

    To use Obama language, we need to be as careful getting out of this crisis as we were careless getting in. It's fair to ask for an accounting; but the information should be given to those who need to know and can keep it in confidence - the stakes are truly high here. I mean key congressional leaders and key governors (OH, MI, CA, FL, AZ, etc) should be given a full accounting - especially finance/banking committee members.


    Yet the Obama team is not calling for widespread public disclosure either, and I think this is a telling point. Why?

    Probably because Obama's economic team is headed by the President of the FRB-NY and on the FRB Board of Governors. In other words, he is one of the defendants in Bloomberg's suit.

    If you knew that your bank was bailed out, would you pull your money out?

    My bank has taken TARP funds. It was disconcerting to see their name on the list but they have also recently taken over deposits of a couple of failed banks at the request of the FDIC. Not sure what to make of the mixed signals.

    It's fair to ask for an accounting; but the information should be given to those who need to know and can keep it in confidence - the stakes are truly high here. I mean key congressional leaders and key governors (OH, MI, CA, FL, AZ, etc) should be given a full accounting - especially finance/banking committee members.[Emphasis added]

    No, no, no, no. The last thing I want in a President or Senator or Representative is to be treated like a child or an idiot. Remember this promise from Obama? It is the basis of my support for Obama.

    I am reminded every single day that I am not a perfect man. I will not be a perfect president. But I can promise you this: I will always tell you what I think and where I stand. I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face. I will listen to you when we disagree and most importantly I will open the doors of government and ask you to be involved in your own democracy again. -Barack Obama

    I am perfectly willing to give them some leeway and the benefit of the doubt but only so far and only so long.

    Beyond the need for transparency in government, financial markets need useful and reliable information to function. Bloomberg made a fortune providing it. I really doubt they would have initiated a lawsuit against the FRB just for the general news value of the information.


    At the very least, are there any formal standards for what is acceptable as collateral and how it must be valued by the Fed? And shouldn't there be at least summary reports even if borrower info is redacted and otherwise lumped together so as to not release confidential info?

    As for the lawsuit, keep in mind that it formally only asks for a one-month window back in April-May. If the Fed were to comply for that period, that could of course open the gate for disclosure of more recent lending and collateral data.